The Climate Accountability Institute, headed bv Richard Heede, estimated in 2019 that the top 20 oil and gas companies had collectively produced 480bn tonnes of carbon dioxide and methane since 1965. This amounted to 35% of carbon emissions in that time. The worst offenders were: - Aramco - Chevron - ExxonMobil, - BP - Royal Dutch Shell 7/8ths of emissions were from the use of the fuels – petrol, jet fuel, natural gas and coal. The remainder was from extracting, refining and delivering the finished fuels. --- **Source** https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/oct/09/fossil-fuel-giants-greed-carbon-emissions