Carr, Nicholas G. _The Shallows: How the Internet Is Changing the Way We Think, Read and Remember_. London: Atlantic, 2011. --- In 1880, Nietsche gets a typewriter to help with his failing eyesight. Freud was outside the mainstream when he proposed that the brain was made up of cells, and that the heavy lifting behind thinking was being done by the contacts in between the cells. Merzenich publishes his findings on brain remapping in monkeys in 1972. William James was one of the first to believe in neuroplasticity. Cajal, on the other hand, became a fervent defender of rigidity, even though he started out believing in neuroplasticity. There are 4 main types of technology: 1. Those that enhance our physical abilities - the wheel, the cart, the steam engine 2. Those that enhance our senses - the microscope, telescope 3. Those that change nature - genetic engineering, agriculture 4. Those that change the way we think - computers, gutenberg press